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A blast beat is a drum beat that originated in jazz, and is often associated with extreme metal and grindcore. It is utilised by many different styles of metal.〔Adam MacGregor, Agoraphobic Nosebleed review, ''Dusted'', June 11, 2006. () Access date: October 2, 2008.〕 In Adam MacGregor's definition, "the blast-beat generally comprises a repeated, sixteenth-note figure played at a very fast tempo, and divided uniformly among the bass drum, snare, and ride, crash, or hi-hat cymbal."〔 Blast beats have been described as, "maniacal percussive explosions, less about rhythm per se than sheer sonic violence".〔Strub, Whitney. ("Behind the Key Club: An Interview with Mark 'Barney' Greenway of Napalm Death" ). ''PopMatters'', May 11, 2006. Accessed on September 17, 2008.〕 Napalm Death is said to have coined the term,〔 though this style of drumming had previously been practiced by D.R.I.,〔 Repulsion〔Matthew Widener, "Scared to Death: The Making of Repulsion's ''Horrified''", ''Decibel'' no. 46, August 2008, p. 63-69.〕 and others. Blast beats are made with rapid alternating or coinciding strokes primarily on the bass and snare drum. Diverse patterns and timings are also frequently used by more technical players, such as Gene Hoglan (Dethklok/Death/Dark Angel/Strapping Young Lad/Fear Factory/Testament), Alex Hernandez (Immolation), Max Duhamel (Kataklysm) and Flo Mounier (Cryptopsy). Alternative styles of blast beats include performing two strokes of the bass drum followed by one stroke of the snare drum. Pete Sandoval frequently uses this technique. ==History== The English band Napalm Death coined the term "blast beat",〔 though this style of drumming had previously been practiced by others. Daniel Ekeroth argues that the blast beat was first performed by the Swedish group Asocial on their 1982 demo.〔Ekeroth, Daniel (2008). ''Swedish Death Metal'', p. 22. Bazillion Points Books. ISBN 9780979616310.〕 D.R.I. ("No Sense"),〔 Sepultura ("Antichrist"),〔Sepultura, 1985, track 11.〕 S.O.D. ("Milk"),〔Stormtroopers of Death, 1985, track 11.〕 Sarcófago ("Satanas"),〔Sarcófago, 1986, track 10.〕 and Repulsion〔 also included the technique prior to Napalm Death's emergence. Blast beats originated in performances by jazz drummers of the 1950s, 60s and 70s such as Tony Williams, Angelo Spampinato, and Sunny Murray, in particular his 3/28/1965 Greenwich Village recording of "Holy Ghost" with Albert Ayler. AllMusic contributor Thom Jurek credits Williams as the "true inventor of the blastbeat"〔(Review of ''The Trio of Doom Live'' ) by Thom Jurek, AllMusic〕 in 1979. In 1970, the band Attila used a blast beat on their song "Brain Invasion" starting at the 2:04 mark and lasting about seven seconds. Blast roots in hardcore punk can be traced to recordings such as D.R.I's "No Sense" on their first EP (1983) and Beastie Boys "Riot Fight" on their first EP, ''Pollywog Stew''. Other examples include Heart Attack, Cryptic Slaughter and Lärm. The blast beat as we know it today originated in the European hardcore and grindcore scenes in the 1980s. Contrary to popular belief, blast beats originated from punk and hardcore music, not metal music. In the UK punk and hardcore scene of the early 1980s there were many bands attempting to play as fast as possible. In 1985 emerging grindcore band Napalm Death replaced their former drummer Miles "Rat" Ratledge with Mick Harris, who brought to the band a whole new level of speed. Harris became the official drummer of Napalm Death and is credited for developing the term "blast beat", describing the fast notes played on the kick and snare. Harris started using the blast beat as a fundamental aspect of Napalm Death's early musical compositions. It was finally with Napalm Deaths first full-length album ''Scum'' (1987) that blast beat started to evolve into a distinct musical expression of its own. Blast beats became music from the mid to late 1980s popular in extreme music. The original use in metal music is generally attributed to Igor Cavalera (Sepultura), Mike Browning (Morbid Angel, Nocturnus), D.D. Crazy (Sarcófago), Dave 'Grave' Hollingshead (Repulsion) and Charlie Benante (Anthrax, SOD). Benante showcased the technique by a double-handed blast beat in the track "Milk" on the SOD album ''Speak English or Die'', later played single-handed on the live album ''Live at Budokan''. Although even earlier usage dates back to demos by Death from 1984, with drummer and vocalist Kam Lee showcasing usage in songs such as "Reign Of Terror and Curse Of The Priest". Members from Repulsion (back when they were known as Genocide) temporarily joined Death in 1985, so it's been speculated that they started their trademark widespread usage after first hearing it during their short tenure with Death. The blast beat evolved into its modern from as it was developed in the American death metal and grindcore scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Pete Sandoval, drummer of Terrorizer and later Morbid Angel, gave the blast beat a solid time signature and thus gave it a musical characteristic.〔 Blast beats eventually appeared in commercially successful metal music, beginning with Fear Factory's album ''Demanufacture'' and Slipknot's album ''Iowa''.〔Ellis, Graham, "Decade of Horror," ''Terrorizer'' issue 184, June 2009, p. 25.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「blast beat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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